Treatment of water is essential in making it safe for human consumption. Other than drinking, it is important to treat it for other domestic purposes such as washing, cooking and even for use by animals . Hard water may not lather easily when washing clothes. Untreated water used for bathing can result in skin infections and allergies. Municipal water treatment in Kenya should be given utmost consideration in all places across the country to safeguard the lives of citizens.
Filtration, sedimentation, aeration, use of disinfectants and chlorination are some of the methods involved in the treatment process. As to what technique will be employed in a given situation, it should be stated that it largely depends on the type of substance being treated against.
To reduce the amount of waste that goes to the environment, various used materials can be treated and reused for the same purpose or for any other use. Recycling not only keeps the environment clean but also reduces the cost of manufacturing. Failure to treat the waste water makes it expensive to maintain industrial machinery because of tendency to form scales that result in increased heat resistance. This also causes blockage of pipes. Treatment aims at regulating oxygen and alkalinity levels.
Poor sanitation in municipal areas has resulted in high mortality due to diseases. This can be counteracted through the use of small scale treatment. Households need to invest in solar systems. Solar rays help to directly kill any unwanted microorganisms. Programs can be started at community level to find sustainable ways of carrying out the process.
One of the major reasons why high rates of death are recorded in developing nations particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa is poor hygiene. Lack of treatment plants results in the commodity reaching the community when it is not fit enough for consumption. There is a huge need for the government and the private sector to step in so as to reduce the disease burden.
Biological methods may also be used to achieve similar end results. Examples of such methods include aerated lagoons or ponds. These aerated ponds as the term suggests, employ the use of air or oxygen to facilitate the treatment process. Similarly, activated lagoons provide microbes with oxygen which causes them to lump together and separate from the liquid part. An additional way of is the use of slow sand filters.
In using sand, filtration is made possible by the presence of a biological film on the surface of the sand. The sand only acts as a substrate. The system is composed of a depth, width and length if it is created in a rectangular manner. The cylindrical cross section is another option. The advantage of using such biological methods is that they reduce the expense of energy as occurs when using electricity. However, slow sand filters may not be sustainable for large scale treatment.
In a nutshell, safety in utilization of water is of utmost importance. It not only keeps communities from acquiring various diseases but also serves to keep the environment clean. Bearing mind that every method available for has its own advantages and disadvantages. Use of electricity suffers the disadvantage of being expensive and therefore not affordable to developing nations. Biological techniques are better because they are cheaper and easy to use. These, however, may not be sustainable when treating large volumes.
Filtration, sedimentation, aeration, use of disinfectants and chlorination are some of the methods involved in the treatment process. As to what technique will be employed in a given situation, it should be stated that it largely depends on the type of substance being treated against.
To reduce the amount of waste that goes to the environment, various used materials can be treated and reused for the same purpose or for any other use. Recycling not only keeps the environment clean but also reduces the cost of manufacturing. Failure to treat the waste water makes it expensive to maintain industrial machinery because of tendency to form scales that result in increased heat resistance. This also causes blockage of pipes. Treatment aims at regulating oxygen and alkalinity levels.
Poor sanitation in municipal areas has resulted in high mortality due to diseases. This can be counteracted through the use of small scale treatment. Households need to invest in solar systems. Solar rays help to directly kill any unwanted microorganisms. Programs can be started at community level to find sustainable ways of carrying out the process.
One of the major reasons why high rates of death are recorded in developing nations particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa is poor hygiene. Lack of treatment plants results in the commodity reaching the community when it is not fit enough for consumption. There is a huge need for the government and the private sector to step in so as to reduce the disease burden.
Biological methods may also be used to achieve similar end results. Examples of such methods include aerated lagoons or ponds. These aerated ponds as the term suggests, employ the use of air or oxygen to facilitate the treatment process. Similarly, activated lagoons provide microbes with oxygen which causes them to lump together and separate from the liquid part. An additional way of is the use of slow sand filters.
In using sand, filtration is made possible by the presence of a biological film on the surface of the sand. The sand only acts as a substrate. The system is composed of a depth, width and length if it is created in a rectangular manner. The cylindrical cross section is another option. The advantage of using such biological methods is that they reduce the expense of energy as occurs when using electricity. However, slow sand filters may not be sustainable for large scale treatment.
In a nutshell, safety in utilization of water is of utmost importance. It not only keeps communities from acquiring various diseases but also serves to keep the environment clean. Bearing mind that every method available for has its own advantages and disadvantages. Use of electricity suffers the disadvantage of being expensive and therefore not affordable to developing nations. Biological techniques are better because they are cheaper and easy to use. These, however, may not be sustainable when treating large volumes.
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