by definition, this term refers to the process through which metal surfaces are worked to improve the properties of the material. Three major ways exist for achieving the results. The first method is mechanical in nature and involves using hammer blows. The second method involves using shots to blast the surface. The third method involves using a series of light beams through which the material is passed. Germany was the first country to engage in peening in the 90s with the intention of increasing resistance to fatigue of metal.
The automotive industry was the first one to adopt this technology and was quickly followed by aircraft industry. Engineering literature avoided it until in the middle of nineties when it finally adopted it. With full acceptance it was used in a lot of projects. The invention of super constellation aircraft is the biggest project where it has been used. It underwent further innovation in the late nineties with the invention of laser shock version of the process.
The shot version of the process also referred to as cold working was used to produce compressive residual stress layer. It also modifies the mechanical properties of metals and composites. It involves impacting a metal surface with a shot which are basically particles made of either round metals, glass or ceramic. The impact is done with force enough to create a deformation that is plastic in nature.
Cold working is applied in many industries such as automotive, construction and aircraft industries. It is used to strengthens and relieve stress in components such as steel automobile, crankshafts among others. In the building industry it provides a muted finish to metal. Cold working can be compared to sandblasting except the difference is it operates by mechanism of plasticity as opposed to sandblasting which operates on abrasive mechanism.
Laser version was a major breakthrough in technology. Desired property on the metal is achieved through dynamic mechanical effect caused by imparted shock waves. High energy lasers and transparent overlay are the two components used to give a metal the desired properties. A better result is achieved if the overlay is both opaque to laser beams and thin. Detrimental thermal effects which could damage targeted surface are contained by the opaque overlay.
The overlay also allows interactions of the laser beam and the target surface in a consistent manner. The fact that it amplifies the magnitude of the shock helps to cut cost of the process. There is the use of computer systems to achieve consistency and precision. Computers also allow for easier and better monitoring of the whole process.
The use of laser also allows for more textures to be produced than in cold working. The working of the laser version of this method involves the generation of shockwave within the work piece. The shock wave in turn leads to the creation if tensile and compressive residual stress in the work piece. The equilibrium state of the material is maintained by this stress. The surface layer is hardened by the shock wave as it fades into the material.
the laser version was first used in metals to achieve property or functional benefits. It has been used in metal shaping by selectively laser shocking areas of a surface of metal sheets. The compressive residual stress causes the metal to flex in a controllable manner hence can be imparted in to any shape.
The automotive industry was the first one to adopt this technology and was quickly followed by aircraft industry. Engineering literature avoided it until in the middle of nineties when it finally adopted it. With full acceptance it was used in a lot of projects. The invention of super constellation aircraft is the biggest project where it has been used. It underwent further innovation in the late nineties with the invention of laser shock version of the process.
The shot version of the process also referred to as cold working was used to produce compressive residual stress layer. It also modifies the mechanical properties of metals and composites. It involves impacting a metal surface with a shot which are basically particles made of either round metals, glass or ceramic. The impact is done with force enough to create a deformation that is plastic in nature.
Cold working is applied in many industries such as automotive, construction and aircraft industries. It is used to strengthens and relieve stress in components such as steel automobile, crankshafts among others. In the building industry it provides a muted finish to metal. Cold working can be compared to sandblasting except the difference is it operates by mechanism of plasticity as opposed to sandblasting which operates on abrasive mechanism.
Laser version was a major breakthrough in technology. Desired property on the metal is achieved through dynamic mechanical effect caused by imparted shock waves. High energy lasers and transparent overlay are the two components used to give a metal the desired properties. A better result is achieved if the overlay is both opaque to laser beams and thin. Detrimental thermal effects which could damage targeted surface are contained by the opaque overlay.
The overlay also allows interactions of the laser beam and the target surface in a consistent manner. The fact that it amplifies the magnitude of the shock helps to cut cost of the process. There is the use of computer systems to achieve consistency and precision. Computers also allow for easier and better monitoring of the whole process.
The use of laser also allows for more textures to be produced than in cold working. The working of the laser version of this method involves the generation of shockwave within the work piece. The shock wave in turn leads to the creation if tensile and compressive residual stress in the work piece. The equilibrium state of the material is maintained by this stress. The surface layer is hardened by the shock wave as it fades into the material.
the laser version was first used in metals to achieve property or functional benefits. It has been used in metal shaping by selectively laser shocking areas of a surface of metal sheets. The compressive residual stress causes the metal to flex in a controllable manner hence can be imparted in to any shape.
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